نشریه رسانه های دیداری و شنیداری
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1402)

Animations possess an important place in educating children. The present study aims to identify, introduce and analyze the components of citizenship education in children's animations. The research was conducted in a qualitative approach with summative content analysis method. Accordingly, first, the components of citizenship education were identified in three categories of knowledge, skill and attitude using a systematic review method. Then, eight Oscar-winning animations were purposefully selected based on their popularity on the IMDb website. “Scene” has been selected as the analysis unit. The results showed that the components of citizenship education exist in all the animations. Among the components, “skill”  was observed more and “knowledge” was observed less. According to attending the components, Zootopia was ranked first and Frozen was placed last. In the comparison of the animations according to parameters, Coco showed the highest knowledge component (description) with 47 scenes, while Frozen showed the lowest knowledge component (cognition) with 20 scenes. Zootopia showed the highest frequency in the skill, as analysis was seen in 33 scenes, comprehension in 21 and application in 29 scenes. “Up” showed the least frequency in the skill, as analysis was seen in 29 scenes, comprehension in 19 and application in three scenes. Zootopia showed the highest frequency in the attitude, as emotional reaction was seen in 30, emotional valuation in 16 and crystallization of emotional values in 20 scenes. Spirited Away showed the least frequency in the attitude, as emotional reaction was received in 24, emotional valuation in two and crystallization of emotional values in nine scenes. The findings resulted from analysis of the data in the current research confirmed the role of animations in citizenship education, and emphasizes the need to inform parents and specialists in education for the conscious use of animations.

In recent years, numerous changes and increased competition in media organizations, especially in the news and information section, have made it difficult to advance the goals and policies of the news sector of media organizations, including IRIB. In line with that, adopting new policies, including attracting talents, can be the beginning of a correct and worthy move in this field. Due to the fact that recognizing the required properties and talents to work in the news department of the IRIB is essential, this study seeks to explain the properties of the required talents to work in the news section of the IRIB. This research has been done by using the method of content analysis and data collection through interviews with managers and editors of the IRIB’s news department and other experts. Benefiting from the target inherent characteristics, properties related to learning, providing appropriate and properties resulted from the experience are the three comprehensive themes resulted from this research.

The current research has been conducted to identify the strategy of the IRIB for the presidential election, in a mixed-method approach. The statistical population included the IRIB’s heads of provincial stations and the professors of media in the qualitative part, and the university professors in the quantitative part. In the qualitative stage, 18 people were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the theoretical adequacy principle, and in the quantitative stage, 60 people have been randomly selected. A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative part, qualitative content analysis was used, and in the quantitative stage, SWAT matrix analysis and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) have been used. The results of the SWAT analysis showed that IRIB enjoys a good prospect for achieving media production for the elections. The strategic goals in this perspective are commitment, democracy and trust-building, creativity and innovation, process-orientation and continuous improvement of processes by compiling and producing quality content and transparent media management in the direction of satisfaction-oriented, justice-oriented, enlightenment and explanation missions. Also, in this research, 10 internal factors and six external factors were identified as desirable strategies for the presidential elections. Based on the quantitative strategic planning matrix, the strategic position of the IRIB for the maximum coverage of presidential elections is located in the SO region on the basis of which, strategies in the aggressive region are desirable for the IRIB. As a result, a fundamental step can be paved to better cover the presidential elections in the future by considering these strategies, which have been presented in the form of research propositions.

In the twentieth century, the rotations of language studies in the philosophy of language have affected many other branches of philosophy, including imagination studies in arts. Ludwig Wittgenstein, in the position of one of the figures of the philosophy of language in the twentieth century, tried to shake off the philosophy of language from being merely theoretical and make it nearer to method. So, his reports -particularly in the recent era- are the ways to recognize the functions of language in line with the method-orientation of the structure. The purpose of writing this article is to access the expansion ways of dramatic language, with an eye to imaginative language structure based on Wittgenstein’s opinions. Accordingly, the scenario of “Maybe, Another Time!” by Bahram Beizaei was chosen in which the linguistic games are clear. In this research, this question has been answered: how can Wittgenstein’s method in the imaginative language structure result in the expansion of dramatic language? On this very basis, this hypothesis is strengthened: it seems that Beizaei has combined different elements by mixing various structures of imaginative linguistic games to help with the expansion of the dramatic language of the work. This research is applied in terms of the goal and qualitative in terms of the documentary data collection method, and it has been conducted based on descriptive nature. According to the results, imagination-generation and formation of its linguistic game in the addressed scenario, possesses different forms and has led Beizaei to combine different verbal methods in dialogue-writing and illustration, and achieve the production of a special linguistic structure by network imagination method.

National cinema is not separate from mainstream movies or equal to Art Cinema. Popular films, also, exhibit national characters and connote the intertwined relationship between the genre system and national cinema. However, both genres and national cinemas face numerous challenges regarding their various definitions, boundaries, and functions. Genres, as the essential constituents of national cinema, are processes-oriented and are constantly marked by difference, variation, redefinition, and ongoing change. This article aims to discuss the exchanges, overlaps, potentialities, and challenges of genre and national cinema theories, their confrontation with internal and external dynamics of the national matter, and the effective role of the state. In this article, the potentialities, and challenges of national-generic cinema will be analyzed through logical analysis and deductive reasoning and the data has been collected through documentary research. The findings show that the national-generic cinema paradigm can enjoy the potentialities and facilities of the national matter. This efficient paradigm can reflect the socio-cultural differences and the pluralist realities of society in different time frames. The semantic and syntactic layers of national matter utterances include traditions, socio-cultural values and pluralist national realities. The national-generic cinema paradigm can continue by employing a flexible strategy to define and redefine its internal and external borders.

The present study aims at investigating the discourse(s) shaped around 1953 Iranian coup d'état on the BBC Persian TV in the reports entitled “The 60th anniversary of the 1953 Iranian coup d'état”. Accordingly, discourse and media diplomacy theories have been used. The research method is discourse analysis using Van Dijk’s discourse analysis approach. The text under study includes seven reports collected in a purposive manner and discourse analyzed, after analysis. The research findings show that the texts of all the reports are similar to each other in terms of lexical style, persons and identities presented in the texts, polarization, citations, presuppositions, implications, the parameters of consensuses and agreement and the fundamental prepositions. Based on the findings of the study, the principal framework adopted within these documentary reports about The 1953 Iranian coup d'état is “the Western media diplomacy framework” in which common discourses such as strengthening the "national-liberal" discourse, the "American superpower" discourse, the "moderation" discourse, weakening of the "political Islam" discourse, destruction of the "Marxism" discourse, and the rejection of the "resistance" discourse, have been highlighted in each report with regard to the philosophical and epistemological basis of the aforementioned framework.

One of the most important and principal production units of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), as the largest, most influential and most comprehensive culture-creating and stream-forming institution in Iranian society, is the news production unit of the IRIB’s Television, which plays a very important role in informing and stream-forming. Despite numerous problems in society, the foreign media also play a serious role in expanding hopelessness and despair by promoting mistrust and presenting a gloomy picture of the country's future. Considering these conditions, the role of radio and television, in general, and its news units, in particular, is very influential and even decisive in creating hope. The present research has been conducted to achieve the content and structural indicators of the promising news in the IRIB’s news with a qualitative method of meta-analysis. In this research, 41 open codes, 13 axial codes (concepts) and 11 categories were obtained by examining previous research in the field of creating hope through the media. The most important resulted categories from this study are as follows: appropriate news policy-making in dealing with the issues of other countries, using news coverage tactics and techniques, neutralizing the disappointing actions of the hostile media, making promises to people that will be fulfilled, appropriate policy-making in dealing with positive and negative news, representing a bright perspective towards future and promising outcome of the news sections.